Journal: Hippocampus

Article Title: Lateralization of Hippocampal Dentate Spikes and Sharp‐Wave Ripples in Urethane Anesthetized Rats Depends on Cholinergic Tone

doi: 10.1002/hipo.70035

Figure Lengend Snippet: Hippocampal oscillations were recorded together with electrocardiogram and breathing for several hours under urethane (1.3 g/kg) anesthesia in adult male Sprague–Dawley rats. (A) Sharp‐wave ripples (SPW‐Rs), theta, and gamma (slow: 25–80 Hz; fast: 80–140 Hz) and dentate spikes were detected offline from local‐field potentials (LFPs). Average LFPs along the 32 electrode contacts are plotted in black, and the underlying color image reflects current source density values. Example from one rat. (B) Timing of events in the same rat, as in panel (A). Changes in signals across time illustrate fluctuation between REM‐like (high theta ratio, low SPW‐R rate) and NREM‐like states. (C) Timing of events from a different rat in which atropine (50 mg/kg) was injected i.p. after ~3 h of recording. Note that after the atropine injection, the rate (Hz) of SPW‐Rs or DSs is within the same range as before, but the animal remains in a NREM‐like state. In (B) and (C), red refers to events detected in the right dorsal hippocampus; black refers to events detected in the left dorsal hippocampus.

Article Snippet: Then, eight monopolar recording electrodes assembled in‐house from 50‐μm Formwar‐coated nichrome wire (762,000, A‐M Systems, Carlsborg, WA) aimed at the dorsal hippocampus were implanted at 3.3–4.2 mm posterior to bregma, 1.2–2.4 mm lateral to midline, and 2.6–4.0 mm below bregma.

Techniques: Injection

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Treatment of Status Epilepticus after Traumatic Brain Injury Using an Antiseizure Drug Combined with a Tissue Recovery Enhancer Revealed by Systems Biology

doi: 10.3390/ijms241814049

Figure Lengend Snippet: Study design for in vivo validation . Assessment of the disease-modifying effects of trichostatin A (TSA) on the structural and functional outcome after severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) was performed in cohort 1 using TSA as a monotherapy and in cohort 2 combining TSA with the antiseizure drug levetiracetam (LEV). Levetiracetam was chosen based on recent data indicating that severe TBI triggered by lateral fluid-percussion injury (FPI) induces epileptiform activity and seizures lasting for days, which can worsen the secondary damage and are not modified by TSA. Two separate cohorts were analyzed. ( A ) Cohort 1 —a preliminary monotherapy study to assess the efficacy of LEV or TSA monotherapies on post-TBI outcome, mortality, and adverse events. ( B ) Cohort 2 —a duo-therapy study. A higher dose of LEV was administered with or without TSA. Lateral FPI was performed on day (D) 0. In both cohorts, induction of injury and electrode implantation were performed in the same surgery session. Video-electroencephalography (video-EEG) was started immediately and continued till D14 (preliminary cohort) or D30. Treatments were initiated at 2 h (Cohort 1) or 1 h (Cohort 2) post-TBI and continued for 3 d (Cohort 1) or 7 d (Cohort 2) post-injury. In Cohort 1, we collected tail vein blood at 72 h post-injury to assess the injury and treatment effects on plasma levels of phosphorylated neurofilament heavy (pNF-H). In the end, rats were perfused for histology. Abbreviations: DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide; dH 2 O, distilled water; PEG, polyethylene glycol; PBS, phosphate-buffered saline.

Article Snippet: Altogether, 6 intracerebral tungsten monopolar recording electrodes (EM12/3-2TW/SPC; thickness 50 μm, Bilaney Consultants GmbH, Dusseldorf, Germany) were implanted ( B).

Techniques: In Vivo, Biomarker Discovery, Functional Assay, Activity Assay, Modification, Clinical Proteomics, Saline

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Treatment of Status Epilepticus after Traumatic Brain Injury Using an Antiseizure Drug Combined with a Tissue Recovery Enhancer Revealed by Systems Biology

doi: 10.3390/ijms241814049

Figure Lengend Snippet: Electrode montage. ( A ) Epidural electrodes . Four of 23 rats in Cohort 1 and all 37 animals in Cohort 2 that were included in the follow-up had 4 epidural electrodes only (C3, C4, O1, and O2). ( B ) Epidural and intracerebral electrodes . In Cohort 1, 19/23 rats in the final analysis cohort also had 2 anterior intracortical (A1 (left)/A2 (right)), 2 posterior intracortical (Po1/Po2), and 2 intrahippocampal (H1/H2) electrodes, in addition to the 4 epidural electrodes. Epidural ground (G) and reference (R) electrodes were implanted above the cerebellum. Grey circle indicates the craniectomy, the black dot indicates the center of the craniectomy. Grid dimensions 1 mm × 1 mm.

Article Snippet: Altogether, 6 intracerebral tungsten monopolar recording electrodes (EM12/3-2TW/SPC; thickness 50 μm, Bilaney Consultants GmbH, Dusseldorf, Germany) were implanted ( B).

Techniques: